Emerging Pharmacologic Treatments for Spinal Cord Injury Virgilio Matheus Christopher A. Iannotti Michael P. Steinmetz Any insult to the spinal cord that leads to a change in its function, either…
Traumatic Vertebral Artery Injury: Management/Workup Robert F. Heary Reza J. Karimi Injury of the vertebral artery is historically uncommon; however, the routine use of advanced imaging modalities and aggressive screening…
Posttraumatic Syringomyelia Sean Barry Sean D. Christie As the prevalence of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) increases worldwide with global population growth, so too does the life expectancy of this patient…
Principles of Rehabilitation after Spinal Cord Injury Anthony S. Burns HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Spinal cord rehabilitation program can trace its roots to World War II (WWII). Prior to WWII, the prognosis…
Traumatic Spinal Column and Spinal Cord Injury: Special Considerations in Ankylosing Spondylitis Bradley W. Jacobs Michael G. Fehlings Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory enthesopathy that primarily affects the…
Odontoid Fractures Richard J. Bransford Joshua Charles Patt Jens R. Chapman INTRODUCTION: THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM There is probably not another osseous structure within the human body that relative…
Subaxial Cervical Injuries: Current Concepts in Classification and Treatment Alpesh A. Patel Paul A. Anderson Alexander R. Vaccaro Subaxial cervical spine injuries account for more than 66% of cervical fractures…
Injuries to C1 and C2 (Excluding Odontoid Fractures) Marcel F. Dvorak John T. Street Brian J. Lenehan FRACTURES OF THE ATLAS INTRODUCTION Fractures of the atlas account for approximately 25%…
Atlanto-Occipital Injuries Paul A. Anderson Craniocervical injuries including atlanto-occipital dislocations, craniocervical disassociations, and occipital condyle fractures involve trauma to the complex articulation including the occipital bone, the occipitoatlantal articulation, the…
Nonoperative Management and Treatment of Spinal Injuries Mark L. Prasarn Glenn R. Rechtine II The morbidity and mortality of injuries to the spine have been known since antiquity. Nonoperative methods…
