The Autonomic Nervous System
CHAPTER 20The Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic (visceral) nervous system (ANS) is concerned with control of target tissues: the cardiac muscle, the smooth muscle in blood vessels and viscera, and…
The Limbic System
CHAPTER 19The Limbic System The limbic system subserves basic survival functions that include feeding behavior, “fight-or-flight” responses, aggression, and the expressions of emotion and of the autonomic, behavioral, and endocrine…
The Visual System
CHAPTER 15The Visual System Mammals are visual animals: The visual system conveys more information to the brain than any other afferent system. This information is processed within the brain so…
The Vertebral Column and Other Structures Surrounding the Spinal Cord
CHAPTER 6The Vertebral Column and Other Structures Surrounding the Spinal Cord The spinal cord is an essential highway that carries information between the brain and much of the body. But…
The Auditory System
CHAPTER 16The Auditory System The auditory system is built to allow us to hear. It is remarkable for its sensitivity. It is especially important in humans because it provides the…
Somatosensory Systems
CHAPTER 14Somatosensory Systems Input from the somatosensory systems informs the organism about events impinging on it. Sensation can be divided into four types: superficial, deep, visceral, and special. Superficial sensation…
Diencephalon
CHAPTER 9Diencephalon The diencephalon includes the thalamus and its geniculate bodies, the hypothalamus, the subthalamus, and the epithalamus (Fig 9–1). The third ventricle lies between the halves of the diencephalon….
Control of Movement
SECTION V FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS CHAPTER 13Control of Movement CONTROL OF MOVEMENT Evolution of Movement Movement (motion) is a fundamental and essential property of animal life. In simple, unicellular animals, motion…
Higher Cortical Functions
CHAPTER 21Higher Cortical Functions The human cerebral cortex represents, in some ways, the pinnacle of evolution. In addition to containing networks of neurons related to the initiation of movement and…
The Reticular Formation
CHAPTER 18The Reticular Formation ANATOMY The reticular formation plays a central role in the regulation of the state of consciousness and arousal. It consists of a complex network of interconnected…
