Neupsy Key

5 Case Examples Case 5.1 • Diagnosis: Pineal cyst (related anatomy: pp. 10, 11, 38–47) • Preoperative examination: Neurologically intact • Approach: Right paramedian keyhole endoscopic-assisted supracerebellar infratentorial (related approach:…

1 Anatomy Internal Anatomy of the Brainstem Figure 1.1. (a–e) Sequential coronal sections of the brain and brainstem depicting the structures of the diencephalon. Figure 1.2. (a–d) Sequential axial sections…

4 Approaches to Thalamic, Pineal, and Brainstem Lesions Figure 4.1. Anterior skull base approaches. (a) The various anterior and anterolateral skull base approaches that can be used to access lesions…

2 Safe Entry Zones Figure 2.1. (a) Anterior view. The cerebrospinal cisterns provide natural pathways to the brainstem. (b) Axial view. These pathways can be reached using skull base approaches…

3 Tenets of Brainstem Surgery Figure 3.1. Positioning and craniotomy. (a) The operation begins with the proper positioning of the patient, so that the surgeon can perform the operation in…