Motor Strength and Power
The levels of the MRC scale are precisely defined, but not linear. It is a common error to believe the MRC grades are evenly spaced and that grade 5 is…
The Optic Nerve
FIGURE 13.1 The layers of the retina and their relationship to the optic nerve. The inner limiting membrane is the most superficial structure; light must pass through the other layers…
The Ocular Motor Nerves
FIGURE 14.1 The extraocular muscles and the third nerve in the orbit. FIGURE 14.2 Actions of the extraocular muscles on the left eye. Arrows denote the main directions of action…
The Blood Supply of the Brain
FIGURE 49.1 Vascular territories. Gold, anterior cerebral artery (ACA); pink, middle cerebral artery (MCA); blue, posterior cerebral artery (PCA). (From http://rad.usuhs.edu/rad/stroke/index.html, accessed July 31, 2011, with permission). Carotid Artery Each…
Peripheral Neuroanatomy and Focal Neuropathies
FIGURE 46.1 Brachial plexus showing its various constituents and their relationship to structures in the region of the upper chest, axilla, and shoulder. The three trunks slope laterally and then…
Neck and Back Pain
FIGURE 47.1 Lateral view of the cervical spine. Shows the vertebral bodies separated by intervertebral discs, the pedicles merging into the facet joint with its superior and inferior facets, and…
The Facial Nerve
FIGURE 16.1 Components of the facial nerve in the pons. (Modified from Kiernan JA. Barr’s The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,…
