16 Combined Prone Position Thoracoscopic Anterior Release and Posterior Instrumentation for Deformity Surgery ISADOR H. LIEBERMAN In deformity surgery, anterior release and bone grafting of the thoracic spine is instrumental…
30 Kyphoplasty CHRISTOPHER M. BONO AND STEVEN R. GARFIN Methods of reduction and internal stabilization of spine fractures typically require extensive open procedures. With a growing demand for minimally invasive…
7 Posterior Cervical Microendoscopic Diskectomy and Laminoforaminotomy ADNAN SIDDIQUI AND KENNETH S. YONEMURA Posterior cervical disk surgery is a well-established and highly effective means of ameliorating disk- and bone-associated compression…
34 Image-Guided Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery CALVIN R. MAURER JR., RAMIN SHAHIDI, JAY B. WEST, AND DANIEL H. KIM Electronic videoendoscopy is commonly performed for a wide variety…
6 Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Diskectomy and Stabilization SANG-HO LEE AND YONG AHN Percutaneous endoscopic cervical diskectomy (PECD) is a new surgical method for treating soft cervical disk herniations. The goal…
20 Lumbar Microendoscopic Laminoforaminotomy and Diskectomy PAUL SANTIAGO AND RICHARD G. FESSLER Lumbar radiculopathy is one of the most common problems encountered by the practicing spine surgeon. The source of…
27 Endoscopic Lateral Transpsoas Lumbar Spine Fusion JOHN J. REGAN AND DARREN BERGEY Anterior approaches for lumbar interbody fusion have been increasingly used in an attempt to lower the incidence…
31 Intradiskal Electrothermal Therapy CURTIS W. SLIPMAN, SARJOO M. BHAGIA, AND RUSSELL V. GILCHRIST Until recently, treatment for predominant axial back pain caused by discogenic disease has consisted of a…
33 Fluoroscopic Image-Guided Spine Surgery KEVIN T. FOLEY, MICHAEL A. LEFKOWITZ, AND Y. RAJA RAMPERSAUD Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique that is familiar to spinal surgeons. It is routinely employed…
2 Endoscopic Surgical Equipment LARRY T. KHOO AND ANTHONY VIRELLA The concept of percutaneous access via small tubular or cylindrical portals is fundamental to the concept of minimally invasive and…
