13 Thoracoscopic Management of Spinal Tumors J. PATRICK JOHNSON Thoracoscopic spinal surgeries for neurogenic and vertebral tumors are advanced procedures that are beyond the basic procedures of sympathectomy and the…
12 Endoscopic Transpedicular Thoracic DAVID H. JHO AND HAE-DONG JHO Minimalism for the surgical treatment of thoracic disk herniation has several surgical goals: cure or resolution of symptoms, minimal disruption…
21 Paraspinal Endoscopic Laminectomy and Diskectomy JEAN DESTANDAU There is no doubt that the future of surgery lies in the development of minimally invasive techniques, and that spinal surgery does…
4 Endoscopic-Assisted Transoral Odontoidectomy DANIEL REFAI, FAHEEM A. SANDHU, ANTHONY K. FREMPONG-BOADU, AND RICHARD G. FESSLER The transoral approach is commonly used to treat anterior pathological lesions in the lower…
3 Anesthetic Considerations and Operating Room Setup for Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Spine Surgery BRIAN K. KWON, CALVIN L. AU, JOHN BEINER, JONATHAN N. GRAUER, JAMES A. SANFILIPPO, DAVID H. KIM,…
