Figure 8.1. Multiple episodes of systemic hypoxia with ischemic brain. In 30% of cases, these episodes are related to systemic desaturation (lower Figure, SaO2 and arrows). Decrease in SjO2 (gray…
Figure 2.1. Adult skull bones (side view), including anatomic landmarks for skull procedures. Internal axial view of the base of the skull (anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa) with major…
Figure 10.1. Insonation bone windows through which the arteries giving rise to the circle of Willis and its major branches can be studied: transforaminal, transtemporal and transorbital insonation windows. Spencer…
Figure 50.1. Congophilic deposits characteristic of amyloid angiopathy. Other risk factors for ICH such as caffeine consumption and illicit drugs use, obesity and antiplatelet therapy are areas of recent analysis….
Figure 11.1. Extracranial (brachial plexus, N9, and cervical spinal, N13, potentials), intracranial lemniscus (P14), and intracortical (N20-P25) SEP components. This information is very useful in the neurocritical patient, who is…
Figure 42.1. Differences in cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization rate according to anatomic region. 42.2.2 Determinants of Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Autoregulation The major determinants of CBF are:…
Figure 6.1. Scale of absorption of intensity of intracranial structures expressed in Hounsfield Units (HU). In pathological situations, recent intracranial hematomas may absorb +70 HU or more due to their…
von Helmholtz 15.1 Introduction The first step in evaluating a patient’s hemodynamics is, without doubt, the clinical assessment. Bedside observation of the patient’s general appearance, skin temperature, capillary refill, sensory…
Figure 66.1. Direct relationship between brain and blood glucose levels. Because glucose cannot freely enter the brain, it requires a transport system to cross the endothelial cells of the blood-brain…
Figure 35.1. Temporal epidural hematoma displaying the typical biconvex lens appearance. Figure 35.2. Frontal epidural hematoma in the hyperacute phase; note the hypodense areas inside the collection of blood typical…
