The Floppy Infant
The Floppy Infant Darryl C. De Vivo Jahannaz Dastgir INTRODUCTION Tone opposes gravity and maintains postural attitude. The term hypotonia refers to a state of low muscle tone. Infants who…
Chromosomal Disorders and Disorders of DNA
Chromosomal Disorders and Disorders of DNA Marc C. Patterson INTRODUCTION Rearrangements of the human genome, ranging from grossly disordered chromosome number to submicroscopic variations in copy numbers can profoundly affect…
Decompression Illness
Decompression Illness Christopher Zammit Edward (Mel) J. Otten INTRODUCTION The symptoms of decompression illness (DCI) have been observed in underwater and caisson workers since the early 1800s, when it was…
Electrical and Lightning Injury
Electrical and Lightning Injury Christopher Zammit Edward (Mel) J. Otten INTRODUCTION Electrical injuries (EI) and lightning strikes (LS) have been reported to cause a variety of neurologic injuries. Interestingly, although…
Radiation Injury
Radiation Injury Christopher Zammit Edward (Mel) J. Otten INTRODUCTION The first known description of nervous system injury by radiation was in 1930 by Fischer and Holfelder. Contemporary medicine’s use of…
Neurotoxicology
Neurotoxicology Christopher Zammit INTRODUCTION Xenobiotics are substances within an organism that are not normally found in or produced by that organism. Neurotoxicology refers to the adverse effects of xenobiotics, or…
Drug Intoxication and Withdrawal
Drug Intoxication and Withdrawal John C. M. Brust INTRODUCTION There are two kinds of drug dependence. Psychic dependence leads to craving and drug-seeking behavior. Physical dependence produces somatic withdrawal symptoms…
Alcoholism
Alcoholism John C. M. Brust INTRODUCTION In the United States, 7% of all adults and 19% of adolescents are “problem drinkers”: psychically or physically dependent on ethanol or, even if…
Neurologic Complications of Organ Transplantation
Neurologic Complications of Organ Transplantation Eelco F. M. Wijdicks INTRODUCTION Organ transplantation has been associated with a distinct spectrum of neurologic complications. Complications can emerge during pretransplant preparation (e.g., hematopoietic…
Neurologic Disease during Pregnancy
Neurologic Disease during Pregnancy Alison M. Pack INTRODUCTION Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of major biologic and social changes. Pregnancy may be associated with alterations in preexisting neurologic…
