10.1055/b-0036-141984 9 Obstructive Hydrocephalus Joachim Oertel and Guilherme Ramina Montibeller 9.1 Introduction Obstructive hydrocephalus probably has plagued humans since the beginning of human existence. Pathologic findings from the skeleton of…
10.1055/b-0036-141982 7 Types of Hydrocephalus David S. Xu and Peter Nakaji 7.1 Introduction Hydrocephalus is one of the oldest neurologic pathologies recorded in human history, with multiple descriptions by Galen…
10.1055/b-0036-141985 10 Communicating Hydrocephalus Sean M. Barber and Y. Jonathan Zhang 10.1 Introduction Communicating (nonobstructive) hydrocephalus is a relatively common source of morbidity and mortality in patients with disorders of…
10.1055/b-0036-141986 11 Multiloculated and Complex Hydrocephalus M. Yashar S. Kalani and Charles Teo 11.1 Introduction Multiloculated, or multicompartmental hydrocephalus is a challenging conglomeration of diseases, mostly attributable to intrauterine meningitis…
10.1055/b-0036-141983 8 Congenital Hydrocephalus Ahmed J. Awad, David A. Chesler, and George I. Jallo 8.1 Introduction Congenital hydrocephalus is defined as the buildup of excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),…
10.1055/b-0036-141979 4 Lateral and Third Ventricle Anatomy Kaan Yagmurlu and Albert L. Rhoton Jr. 4.1 Introduction Operative approaches to the lateral and third ventricles are made challenging by their deep…
10.1055/b-0036-141978 3 Development of a Flexible Neuroendoscope Kazunari Oka 3.1 Introduction Minimally invasive surgery represents a major advance in the field of neurosurgery. The endoscope has played a major role…
10.1055/b-0036-141981 6 Basal Cisterns Anatomy Yoshua Esquenazi Levy, Thomas Frank, and Arthur L. Day 6.1 Introduction With the rapid expansion and utilization of endoscopy during cranial neurosurgery, detailed anatomical knowledge…
10.1055/b-0036-141977 2 Neuroendoscopic Technology Michael R. Gaab 2.1 Introduction In gynecology and urology, endoscopes were already in use at the end of the nineteenth century. With a rigid cystoscope, the…
10.1055/b-0036-141976 1 The Evolution of Neuroendoscopy Eisha Christian, Gabriel Zada, and Michael L. J. Apuzzo 1.1 Early Development of Endoscopy The term endoscopy (to see inside) derives from the Greek…
