Methotrexate
Fig. 19.1 Methotrexate leukoencephalopathy. Axial FLAIR (a), axial DWI (b), and ADC maps (c) show patchy areas of FLAIR hyperintensity in the bilateral white matter of the centrum semiovale with…
Synthetic Corticosteroids
Fig. 46.1 Corticosteroid therapy for lymphoma. Initial FLAIR (a) and post-contrast T1-weighted (b) MR images show patchy edema and enhancement within the left midbrain (arrows). Follow-up FLAIR (c) and post-contrast…
Facial Fillers
Fig. 45.1 Bio-Alcamid. Axial T1-weighted (a) and T2-weighted (b) MR images show T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense lobulated material within the subcutaneous tissues of the bilateral cheeks (arrows) Fig. 45.2…
Embolic Agents
Fig. 30.1 nBCA. The patient has a history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with a right cerebral hemisphere arteriovenous malformation. Axial non-contrast CT images shows the hyperattenuating embolic agent within the…
Bisphosphonates
Fig. 51.1 Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the mandible. Axial (a) and coronal (b) CT images show a mixed sclerotic and lucent lesion within the left mandibular body that has a bone-within-a-bone…
Iodinated Contrast Agents
Fig. 12.1 Normal iodinated contrast material distribution. Axial non-contrast CT (a) and corresponding post-contrast CT (b) show expected enhancement of the dural sinuses (black arrow), internal cerebral veins (white arrow),…
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
Fig. 26.1 CNS PML-IRIS. The patient was HIV positive and presented with subacute onset of right-sided weakness, slurred speech, and left beating nystagmus. The CD4 count at admission was 5…