Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography
Abstract Monitoring the cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical in patients with known neurological disease as well as in patients at risk of neurological damage in the perioperative period. Transcranial…
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Abstract Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging noninvasive monitoring modality based on chromophore absorption of infrared light. There are four different types of NIRS system—continuous, time domain, frequency domain, and…
Functional MR Imaging
Abstract The scientific basis of functional imaging is the change in cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood flow associated with neurological function in the brain. Functional imaging is based on imaging…
Brain Microdialysis
Abstract Cerebral microdialysis is an emerging monitoring technique that is currently being studied for treatment of neurologic diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. Its ability to sample…
Brain Tissue Oxygenation
Abstract Avoiding secondary brain injury due to hypoxia and/or ischemia is the mainstay and declared goal of neurocritical care. Monitoring the brain’s overall condition after trauma with intracranial pressure and…
Evoked Response Monitoring
Abstract Monitoring of the central nervous system using evoked responses allows assessment of neural tracts that are normally silent during coma or anesthesia. This chapter will discuss the techniques of…
Cognitive Function Monitoring
Abstract Since the increase of lifespan and the growth of the aged population among surgical patients, the topic of cognitive function and better outcome in the postoperative period became an…
Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring
Abstract Brain functions strictly depend on metabolites that cannot be stored inside the brain itself. Therefore, brain perfusion is regulated to keep the flow constant according to the brain activity…
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
Abstract Despite recent research that has been equivocal, intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is invaluable in the management of neurocritical care patients, including head injury, poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, intracerebral…
Electroencephalography-Based Monitors
Abstract In this chapter, all aspects of electroencephalography (EEG) clinical applications in anesthesia and neurocritical care are reviewed. A large panel of EEG-based monitors is described, with emphasis on their…
