10.1055/b-0039-172563 1 Classification of Endoscopic Transnasal Approaches to the Skull Base and Adjacent AreasPiero Nicolai, Marco Ferrari, Roberto Maroldi, Alperen Vural, Marco Maria Fontanella, Luigi Fabrizio Rodella, Lena Hirtler, Manfred…
10.1055/b-0040-174411 12 Radiology in Cranial NeuropathyRichard K. Gurgel, Vanessa Torrecillas, and Richard H. Wiggins, III Abstract When patients present with cranial neuropathies, imaging is often a valuable adjunct to the…
10.1055/b-0040-174408 9 Cranial Nerves IX, X, XII: DysphagiaErica E. Jackson and Anna M. Pou Abstract Intact motor and sensory function of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XII (hypoglossal)…
10.1055/b-0040-174409 10 Cranial Nerve X: DysphoniaLacey Adkins, Melda Kunduk, and Andrew J. McWhorter Abstract The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve whose paralysis frequently causes a…
10.1055/b-0040-174412 13 Conclusion and Discussion PointsSeilesh C. Babu and Neal M. Jackson As the previous chapters have demonstrated, cranial nerve disorders can be very complex to diagnose and treat. While…
10.1055/b-0040-174406 7 Cranial Nerve VIII: Hearing DisordersEric N. Appelbaum and Daniel H. Coelho Abstract Cost-effective evaluation of audiovestibular disorders relies on a detailed and directed history and physical examination. Audiologic…
10.1055/b-0040-174410 11 Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory NeuropathyRizwan Aslam Abstract Cranial neuropathies can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. Therefore, it is imperative for health care providers to understand…
10.1055/b-0040-174407 8 Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibular DisordersGavriel D. Kohlberg and Ravi N. Samy Abstract Dizziness is a common patient complaint and may be challenging to diagnose a definitive cause. Only…
10.1055/b-0040-174403 4 Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Ocular Motor Cranial Nerve DisordersMichael Duan, Junru Yan, Aroucha Vickers, Claudia M. Prospero Ponce, and Andrew G. Lee Abstract This chapter discusses ocular…
10.1055/b-0040-174405 6 Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve DisordersMatthew Kircher, Abigail Thomas, and John Leonetti Abstract A cost-effective approach to facial nerve disorders starts with a complete history and physical examination….
