Sensory Localization
Sensory Localization Diminution or loss of sensation may occur because of lesions involving the peripheral nerves, nerve roots, spinal cord, brainstem, or higher centers of the brain, as may abnormal…
Motor Strength and Power
Motor Strength and Power Motor strength and power indicate the capacity of muscles to exert force and expend energy. Decreased strength is weakness, or paresis; absence of muscle contraction is…
Cerebral Sensory Functions
Cerebral Sensory Functions Cerebral sensory functions are those which involve the primary sensory areas of the cortex to perceive the stimulus, and the sensory association areas to interpret the meaning…
The Proprioceptive Sensations
The Proprioceptive Sensations The proprioceptive sensations arise from the deeper tissues of the body, principally from the muscles, ligaments, bones, tendons, and joints. Proprioception has both a conscious and an…
The Exteroceptive Sensations
The Exteroceptive Sensations Exteroceptive sensations originate in peripheral receptors in response to external stimuli and changes in the environment. There are four main types of general somatic sensation: pain, thermal…
Overview of the Sensory Examination
Overview of the Sensory Examination The sensory system places the individual in relationship to the environment. Every sensation depends on impulses that arise by stimulation of receptors, or end-organs. These…
Abnormalities of Movement
Abnormalities of Movement Movement disorders may involve any portion of the body. They usually result from disease involving various parts of the motor system, and the etiologies are many. The…
Muscle Volume and Contour
Muscle Volume and Contour Asearch for evidence of muscle atrophy or hypertrophy is an important part of the motor examination. There is normally an appreciable individual variation in muscular development,…
Muscle Tone
Muscle Tone Muscle tone has been defined as the tension in the relaxed muscle, or the resistance to passive movement when voluntary contraction is absent. Because of resting tone, normal…
Overview of the Motor Examination
Overview of the Motor Examination Examination of motor functions includes the determination of muscle power, evaluation of muscle tone and bulk, and observation for abnormal movements. Examination of coordination and…
