Dizziness and Vertigo
(Video 61.1) is a common technique used for canalith repositioning. It is most effectively used when the affected semicircular canal has been identified and can therefore be targeted for repositioning….
Epilepsies in Children
Video 42.1; see Chapter 6). 6. Juvenile absence epilepsy (see Chapter 6). 7. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (impulsive petit mal) of Janz (see Chapter 6). 8. Epilepsy with GTCS on awakening (see Chapter 6)….
Therapy of Migraine, Tension-Type, and Cluster Headache
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). NSAIDs exert their analgesic effect via inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathways and include naproxen, ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, and diclofenac. Naproxen has the longest half-life allowing it to…
Neurologic Complications in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
CONDITIONS ATTRIBUTED TO HUMAN IMMUNE DEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. 1. Epidemiology. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is the impaired cognition caused by HIV; and despite advances in the treatment of…
Primary Central Nervous System Tumors
HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS IN ADULTS A. Course of disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) stratifies “malignant” or “high-grade” gliomas (HGGs) into histologic grade 3 tumors (anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma)…
Approach to Common Office Problems of Pediatric Neurology
(Video 37.1). These include six or more café au lait spots (Fig. 37.1), two or more neurofibromas, café au lait freckles in the axillary or inguinal regions (Crowe sign) (Fig….
Movement Disorders
Adverse effects of anticholinergic medications include both peripheral antimuscarinic side effects (e.g., dry mouth, impaired visual accommodation, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, and impaired sweating) and central effects (e.g., sedation, dysphoria,…
Approach to the Patient with Facial Numbness
13.1). (2) Motor evaluation. The motor functions of the trigeminal nerve are assessed by means of testing the muscles of mastication. By having a patient clench the jaw, the strength of…
Approach to the Patient with Gait Disturbance and Recurrent Falls
FIGURE 8.1 Summary of important areas involved in human locomotion. Shaded areas are hypothesized to be important in the development of HLGDs. CPGs, central patterns generators; HLGD, high-level gait disorder; MLR,…
Approach to the Patient with Acute Confusional State (Delirium/Encephalopathy)
A. Structural causes Structural etiologies of altered mental status can be caused by trauma, anoxic-ischemic injury, hemorrhages, infarctions, neoplasms, and hydrocephalus. Trauma can result in hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic brain contusions or…
