Neupsy Key

Fig. 12.1 Lateral view (left) and posterior view (right) of the spine. The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are separated by a cartilaginous disc that provides cushioning and allows for…

Fig. 10.1 Schematic of a differential amplifier used for EEG recording . The output of a differential amplifier is the difference between the two inputs Discovery of EEG Hans Berger,…

Fig. 8.1 A motor unit is shown with a recording electrode in proximity. Individual muscle fiber potentials are recorded in sum as the motor unit action potential (MUAP) The neuromuscular…

Fig. 17.1 Anatomical organization of a peripheral nerve . (Reproduced with permission from Sunderland [10]) Nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system consist of the myelinated Aα, Aβ, and Aδ…

Fig. 13.1 Intraoperative images through the microscope of various stages of surgery for a mid-cervical IMSCT . (a) Placement of the spinal electrode used for recording D-waves. In this figure,…

Fig. 22.1 Square pulse commonly used for spinal cord stimulation, which is dependent on amplitude and pulse width The pulse or stimulation rate can be manipulated to create distinct pulses….

Fig. 16.1 The thyroid gland and surrounding structures Thyroidectomy Removal of the thyroid gland is indicated for a variety of conditions including tumor, goiter , or hyperthyroidism among others. Depending…

Fig. 7.1 Multiple areas of the cortex are involved in motor movements. In addition to the cortex, there also exist multiple subcortical areas. During artificial simulation under anesthetics, the corticospinal…

Fig. 6.1 Normal stable SEPs from the left and right median and left and right posterior tibial nerves. (From UCLA Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, with permission) SEP IOM is used…

Fig. 15.1 Illustration showing the carotid bifurcation and the removal of plaque at this site by endarterectomy Carotid endarterectomy is the surgical option for the treatment of carotid stenosis. Stenosis…