10.1055/b-0035-106397 22 Dorsal Subaxial Spine Constructs 22.1 History Spinal implants were initially, and are still, used for the supplementation of bony fusion. However, bony fusion operations were initially performed without…
10.1055/b-0035-106395 20 Craniocervical and Upper Cervical Constructs The anatomical and associated clinical complexities of the upper cervical spine and craniocervical junction pose significant challenges for the managing surgeon 1 ,…
10.1055/b-0035-106398 23 Interbody Constructs Interbody constructs provide the ability to optimally bear axial loads along the neutral axis without applying a significant bending moment to the spine. This enhances the…
10.1055/b-0035-106396 21 Ventral Subaxial Spine Constructs 21.1 History Historically, attempts at the clinical application of ventral spinal instrumentation met with varying degrees of success. 1 , 2 Each of these…
10.1055/b-0035-106399 24 Lumbosacral–Pelvic Constructs The region of the lumbosacral junction is exposed to significant axial, translational, and rotational loads; bending moments; and stresses. An appreciation of the sacral anatomy that…
10.1055/b-0035-106400 25 Regional Nuances Multiple factors affect the efficacy of a spinal implant. These include the following: (1) length of the construct; (2) spinal access for decompression, fusion, and instrumentation;…
