Scoring of Normal Sleep and Arousals

Oct 7, 2017 by in NEUROLOGY Comments Off on Scoring of Normal Sleep and Arousals

Fig. 24.1 10–20 electrode placement. The 10–20 system assigns a number to further specify the location in the left or right hemisphere. Location “z” is used to indicate that the location…

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Sleep, Breathing, and Neurologic Disorders

Oct 7, 2017 by in NEUROLOGY Comments Off on Sleep, Breathing, and Neurologic Disorders

Fig. 41.1 Ascending Reticular Activity system (ARAS): The ascending arousal system. Two major pathways are shown. One (shown in yellow) providing upper brain stem input to the thalamic-relay nuclei and to…

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An Overview of Polysomnographic Technique

Oct 7, 2017 by in NEUROLOGY Comments Off on An Overview of Polysomnographic Technique

Recommendations for filter settings and sensitivity for various physiologic parameters Channela Low-frequency filter (Hz) Time constant (s) High-frequency filter (Hz) Sensitivity EEG 0.3 0.4 35 50 (µV/cm) EOG 0.3 0.4…

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Physiological Changes of Sleep

Oct 7, 2017 by in NEUROLOGY Comments Off on Physiological Changes of Sleep

Parameters Wakefulness NREM sleep REM sleep Respiratory rate Normal Decreases Variable, apnea may occur Minute ventilation Normal Decreases Decreases further Alveolar ventilation Normal Decreases Decreases further PaCO2 Normal Increases slightly…

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Motor Control and Dyscontrol in Sleep

Oct 7, 2017 by in NEUROLOGY Comments Off on Motor Control and Dyscontrol in Sleep

Fig. 39.1 a Showing schematically the principal relationships between cerebellum and other components of the motor system. PMC Premotor cortex, SMA Supplementary motor area, MC Motor cortex, SC Somesthetic cortex, SPL…

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Sleep and Epilepsy

Oct 7, 2017 by in NEUROLOGY Comments Off on Sleep and Epilepsy

Fig. 44.1 Interictal, primarily generalized epileptiform discharges (4- to 5-Hz spike-and-wave and multiple spike-and-wave discharges) seen synchronously and symmetrically with frontal dominance of amplitude in a patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizures….

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Evaluation and Monitoring of Respiratory Function

Oct 7, 2017 by in NEUROLOGY Comments Off on Evaluation and Monitoring of Respiratory Function

Fig. 20.1 This figure obtained from Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine with permission 2003 Oct; 70(10):866, 868, 871–873 The flow-volume loop is another aspect of data generated from spirometry characterized by…

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