Biology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
3 Biology of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Ashok Biyani, Philip D. Nowicki, and Howard S. An A daily accretion in the knowledge of intervertebral disc (IVD) biology and biochemistry is…
Annular Repair and Barrier Technologies
12 Annular Repair and Barrier Technologies Pablo R. Pazmino and Carl Lauryssen The intervertebral disc (IVD) serves as the core dynamic stabilizer to the complex spinal system. Injuries to the…
Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty
25 Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty Charles W. Davis and Paul C. McAfee Spinal fusion was traditionally the surgical solution to disabling arthritic conditions where stiffness and loss of function were acceptable…
Nonsurgical Treatment of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
9 Nonsurgical Treatment of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus April Fetzer and Daphne R. Scott Most cases of herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) respond favorably to nonoperative treatment. This is because the natural…
Pathophysiology and Etiology of Intervertebral Disc Herniation
7 Pathophysiology and Etiology of Intervertebral Disc Herniation Cary R. Templin, Yu-Po Lee and Steven R. Garfin Herniation of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is the most common cause of radicular…
The Mechanisms of Pain from Intervertebral Discs
5 The Mechanisms of Pain from Intervertebral Discs Todd F. Alamin and Vijay Agarwal Any therapeutic endeavor relies on an understanding of the mechanism by which the pain is produced….
Clinical Features of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
8 Clinical Features of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Stewart M. Kerr, Deepan N. Patel and Alexander R. Vaccaro Intervertebral discs (IVDs) provide for a segmental arrangement to the spinal column which…
Biologic Therapies for Disc Repair
20 Biologic Therapies for Disc Repair Corey A. Pacek, Gwendolyn A. Sowa, Nam Vo, and James D. Kang The lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) is the most common site of degenerative…
Decompressive Surgery for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Open, Micro, and Minimally Invasive Approaches)
11 Decompressive Surgery for Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Open, Micro, and Minimally Invasive Approaches) Christian M. DuBois, Frank M. Phillips and Kevin T. Foley Surgery to treat a symptomatic herniated nucleus…
Spinal Fusion: Combined Anteroposterior Approach
28 Spinal Fusion: Combined Anteroposterior Approach Richard D. Guyer and Thomas F. Roush Despite recent biologic advancements such as improved osteoconductive and particularly osteoinductive materials and proteins, achieving a successful…
