Tuberculosis The tide appears to be turning against tuberculosis (TB) once again; although there were 8 million new cases worldwide in 2010, with 1.1 million deaths in HIV-negative patients and…
Ependymomas Scott D. Wait, Michael Taylor, and Frederick A. Boop Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric brain tumor, following medulloblastoma and astrocytoma in incidence. Pediatric neurosurgeons play an important…
Intracranial and Extracranial Hematomas in Children Anthony Figaji There are many causes of intracranial and extracranial hematomas in children; this chapter focuses on the most common and the most relevant…
Intracerebral Aneurysms Aaron J. Clark, Jason M. Davies, Kurtis Ian Auguste, and Michael T. Lawton Pediatric intracerebral aneurysms are rare, having an overall incidence of 0.6%,1 and are even rarer…
Pediatric Neuroanesthesia Sulpicio G. Soriano and Mark A. Rockoff Advances in pediatric neurosurgery and anesthetic techniques have dramatically improved the outcome in infants and children afflicted with surgical lesions of…
Intervertebral Disk Disease Steven W. Hwang, Andrew Jea, and Thomas G. Luerssen Intervertebral pathology of the pediatric spine is uncommonly encountered. The most frequent pathologies seen are herniated nucleus pulposus…
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Jeffrey Ojemann Epilepsy is defined as recurrent, unprovoked seizures and is present in up to 0.5 to 1% of the population.1,2 The incidence of epilepsy is age-dependent,…
Hemispherectomy Alexandra D. Beier and James T. Rutka Intractable epilepsy is a devastating disease, not only for the patient and family but also for the primary healthcare provider, neurologist, and…
Spinal Meningoceles Jennifer Strahle and Karin Muraszko Spinal meningoceles are defined as congenital herniations of dura and arachnoid through a bony defect in the spine. Occasionally, nerve roots may be…
Pineal Region Tumors Tadanori Tomita 39.1 Pineal Gland The normal pineal gland measures only 5 to 10 mm. It is histologically composed of pinealocytes (95%) and glial cells (5%). Pinealocytes are…
