1: SPINAL ANATOMY AND APPROACHES
C H A P T E R 1 SPINAL ANATOMY AND APPROACHES I. SPINAL COLUMN ANATOMY A. Cervical—Should see smooth anterior spinous line, posterior spinous line, spinolaminar line, and spinous…
2: SPINE TRAUMA
C H A P T E R 2 SPINE TRAUMA I. SPINAL SHOCK A. Loss of sympathetic tone and muscle paralysis cause venous pooling with hypotension (usually occur with injuries…
3: SPINAL DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
C H A P T E R 3 SPINAL DEGENERATIVE DISEASE I. CLERVICAL DISK DISEASE A. Signs/Symptoms 1. Radiculopathy—neck and interscapular pain, radicular arm pain, numbness and paresthesias, a sensory…
6: CRANIAL ANATOMY AND APPROACHES
C H A P T E R 6 CRANIAL ANATOMY AND APPROACHES I. PTERION A. Junction of frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater wing of sphenoid bones B. Located two fingerbreadths…
8: BRAIN TUMORS
C H A P T E R 8 BRAIN TUMORS I. LOW-GRADE ASTROCYTOMA (WHO GRADE 1 OR 2) A. Treatment 1. Usually with surgery alone (curative if juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma)…
10: OTHER CRANIAL DISORDERS
C H A P T E R 10 OTHER CRANIAL DISORDERS I. HYDROCEPHALUS (HCP) A. Evaluation 1. Occipitofrontal circumference 2. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance (CT/MRI) 3. Pump shunt 4. Shunt series—anteroposterior…
15: NEUROLOGY
C H A P T E R 15 NEUROLOGY I. SEIZURE DISORDERS A. Evaluation—electrolytes (hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia), complete blood cell count (CBC), computed tomography (CT), lumbar puncture (LP), toxicology screen,…
4: SPINAL TUMORS
C H A P T E R 4 SPINAL TUMORS I. PRIMARY SPINAL TUMORS A. Ependymoma—the most frequent tumor in the lower spinal cord 1. Treatment—surgical resection; use intraoperative nerve…
14: CRITICAL CARE AND NEUROANESTHESIA
C H A P T E R 14 CRITICAL CARE AND NEUROANESTHESIA I. SHOCK A. Hypovolemic—usually a 30% decrease in blood volume before impaired organ perfusion B. Cardiogenic—due to impaired…
12: FUNCTIONAL AND PAIN NEUROSURGERY
C H A P T E R 12 FUNCTIONAL AND PAIN NEUROSURGERY I. PARKINSONISM A. Treatment 1. Thalamotomy—ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) to treat tremor 2. Pallidotomy—globus pallidus interna (GPi)…
