Postoperative Imaging
Chapter 174 Postoperative Imaging Robert G. Whitmore, Zoher Ghogawala, William T. Curry, Jr., Sohrab Gollogly, Darrel S. Brodke Postoperative images of the spine are obtained for a wide variety of…
Spinal Deformity: Measuring, Defining, and Classifying
Chapter 90 Spinal Deformity Measuring, Defining, and Classifying Chad W. Farley, Charles Kuntz, IV The spine is composed of regions with distinct alignment and biomechanical properties that contribute to global…
Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty
Chapter 160 Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty John H. Shin, Richard Schlenk Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been routinely used for the treatment of degenerative disease of the cervical…
Traumatic Asymptomatic Vertebral Artery Injury Secondary to Facet Fracture Dislocation
Chapter 233 Traumatic Asymptomatic Vertebral Artery Injury Secondary to Facet Fracture Dislocation Do Nothing Girish K. Hiremath, Edward C. Benzel Vertebral artery injury (VAI) is a complication of cervical spine…
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Chapter 88 Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Nancy E. Epstein, Kazuo Yonenobu Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), most typically found in males (2:1) in their mid 50s,…
Wound Closure
Chapter 122 Wound Closure Patrick W. Hitchon, Meryl Severson, Albert E. Cram Soft Tissue Anatomy The first layer deep to the skin is the subcutaneous tissue. Within this layer can…
High Cervical and Occipitocervical Plate, Rod, Wire, and Bone Techniques
Chapter 143 High Cervical and Occipitocervical Plate, Rod, Wire, and Bone Techniques Noel I. Perin, Nevan G. Baldwin, Paul R. Cooper Abnormalities at the craniocervical junction were first reported in…
Occipitocervical Region
Chapter 33 Occipitocervical Region Robert A. McGuire, Jr., Ashraf A. Ragab Although fewer procedures are performed at the occipitocervical (OC) junction when compared with subaxial cervical procedures, there are specific…
Lateral Extracavitary Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine
Chapter 51 Lateral Extracavitary Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine Michael Martin, Kevin Cooper, Dennis J. Maiman The lateral extracavitary approach (LECA) can be used in the thoracolumbar spine to access…
Spondylotic Myelopathy with Cervical Kyphotic Deformity
Chapter 222 Spondylotic Myelopathy with Cervical Kyphotic Deformity Ventral Approach Michael P. Steinmetz, Christopher D. Kager, Edward C. Benzel The development of cervical spine deformity may be secondary to advanced…
