and Toru Itakura2 (1) Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan (2) Department of Neurological Surgery, Koyo Hospital, Wakayama, Japan 6.1 Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is…
Fig. 1.1 Basal ganglia. Human basal ganglia shown in a frontal section and in a lateral view (inset). The basal ganglia receive cortical inputs and return processed information to the…
Fig. 7.1 Postoperative radiograph example of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). (a, b) Skull X-ray demonstrates electrode leads for STN-DBS (white arrow). (c) Chest X-ray demonstrates implantable pulse generators in…
Complications related to surgical procedure Intracranial hemorrhage Epilepsy Air embolism Follett KA n = 299 2 – – Deuschl G n = 78 3.8 – – Kleiner-Fisman G n = 921 3.9 1.5 – PahwaR…
Study Type No. of patients Seizure type Follow up Stimulation parameters Resultsa SANTE Multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial 108 Partial onset 3 months (blinded) 145 Hz, 1 min on, 5…
Fig. 3.1 Postural abnormality of a patient with Parkinson’s disease. The elbows, hips, and knees are flexed; the trunk is bent forward; and the arms are held in front of…
Fig. 2.1 Proposed mechanism underling effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS dissociates input and output signals in the stimulated nucleus, resulting in disruption of abnormal information flow through the…
Fig. 13.1 Clinical trials in deep brain stimulation, according to the National Institute of Health (NIH) clinical trials registry (From Lozano and Lipsman (2013) with permission) 13.2 MDD 13.2.1 Epidemiology…
Levels of care Therapy services Intensity Medical Acute hospital PT/OT/ST Evaluation and intensity High (7 days/week) Acute hehab PT/OT/ST 3 h/day, 5–6 days/week Medium (5–7 days/week SNF PT/OT/ST 1–1/2 h/day,…
Figure 5.1 Plain radiograph of the lumbar spine, lateral projection. There is a chronic fracture of the second lumbar vertebral body (arrow). The vertebra has been compressed and has lost…
