Chapter 25 Psychogenic movement disorders Phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment Chapter contents Introduction 513 Degree of certainty of the diagnosis of a psychogenic movement disorder 516 Definitions of psychiatric terminology 517…
Chapter 11 Stiffness syndromes Chapter contents Spasticity 250 Stiff-person (stiff-man) syndrome 252 Syndromes of continuous muscle activity 255 Muscle stiffness may be the presenting symptom in many disorders of the…
Chapter 13 Treatment of dystonia Chapter contents Physical and supportive therapy 294 Dopaminergic therapy 295 Antidopaminergic therapy 295 Anticholinergic therapy 296 Other pharmacologic therapies 296 Botulinum toxin 298 Surgical treatment…
Chapter 24 Wilson disease Chapter contents Wilson disease 507 Treatment of Wilson disease 510 Hereditary deficiency of ceruloplasmin 512 Wilson disease Wilson disease is an inborn error of copper metabolism…
Chapter 2 Motor control Physiology of voluntary and involuntary movements Chapter contents Segmental inputs onto the alpha motoneuron 36 Supraspinal control of the alpha motoneuron 37 The basal ganglia 38…
Chapter 8 Nonmotor problems in Parkinson disease Chapter contents Introduction 183 Sensory symptoms 184 Autonomic dysfunctions: bladder and sexual problems 185 Other autonomic symptoms 186 Respiratory distress 187 Difficulties at…
• With the working portal appropriately docked on the level of pathology, an initial exposure can be performed. • Often there are residual paraspinal muscle fibers that must be removed…
• The end plate is clearly visualized. The spinous process is centered between both pedicles. The Jamshidi needle is started at the 2 o’clock position. • The Jamshidi trocar is…
• The patient is placed into a direct lateral position. • It is essential that the patient be directly perpendicular to the ground to ensure true anteroposterior (AP) and lateral…
