Cerebellar Astrocytomas
Cerebellar Astrocytomas Pierpaolo Peruzzi, Daniel R. Boué, and Corey Raffel Except in infants and very young children (younger than 1 year), the posterior fossa is the most common site of…
Skull Base Tumors
Skull Base Tumors Elizabeth C. Tyler-Kabara, Carl H. Snyderman, and Paul Gardner Pediatric skull base pathologies and their operative management pose unique challenges for the skull base surgeon. The entities…
Myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele Mark S. Dias and Elias Boulos Rizk Myelomeningocele (MMC) represents a primary failure of neurulation and results in an exposed segment of spinal cord on the back of an…
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Nervous System
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Nervous System Timothy M. George and David Cory Adamson 2.1 Introduction Understanding normal development and the consequences of abnormal early embryogenesis remains vital for the…
Shunt Infections
Shunt Infections Dominic N. P. Thompson and John C. Hartley Hydrocephalus is the most common neurosurgical disorder managed by pediatric neurosurgeons and perhaps the one associated with greatest morbidity. In…
Spasticity and Movement Disorders
Spasticity and Movement Disorders A. Leland Albright Although thousands of children have spasticity or other movement disorders, few pediatric neurosurgeons are involved in their care. That under-involvement partially reflects the…
Medulloblastomas
Medulloblastomas Vijay Ramaswamy and Michael Taylor Medulloblastomas are embryonal tumors arising from the cerebellum, initially described by Bailey and Cushing in 1925. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor…
Nonresective and Neuromodulatory Treatments of Refractory Epilepsy
Nonresective and Neuromodulatory Treatments of Refractory Epilepsy Joseph R. Madsen, Jay D. Turner, and P. David Adelson As many as 10 to 40% of pediatric patients with epilepsy have intractable…
Spinal Extradural Neoplasms and Intradural Extramedullary Neoplasms
Spinal Extradural Neoplasms and Intradural Extramedullary Neoplasms Nicholas M. Wetjen, Corey Raffel, and Meghan Murphy Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are responsible for 24% of cancer-related pediatric fatalities, and 5…
Skeletal Syndromes
Skeletal Syndromes Mari L. Groves, Robin Yang, and Benjamin S. Carson Sr. Skeletal dysplasias comprise a group of disorders stemming from abnormal cartilage and bone formation, growth, and remodeling. There…
