Fig. 31.1 MRI lumbar spine T1 post-contrast sagittal image showing leptomeningeal enhancement of the cauda equina and lumbosacral nerve roots in a 74-year-old man with a transformed follicular lymphoma, presenting with…
Fig. 11.1 Obstructive hydrocephalus due to an intraventricular mass. Contrast-enhanced sagittal (a) and axial (b) T1-weighted images showing an enhancing lesion (arrows) occluding the outflow of the fourth ventricle. The patient…
Type of cancer % Breast cancer Lung carcinoma Melanoma Gastrointestinal tract cancer Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary 12–34 10–26 17–25 4–14 1–7 Data from References [1–6] Used from Le Rhun E,…
Fig. 25.1 MRI of 79-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer who presented with diplopia. a Coronal, T1 post-contrast image with arrow demonstrating dural lesion in the right anterior temporal…
Derangement EEG findings Benzodiazepine or barbiturate use Diffuse beta activity Hepatic failure Early—slowed alpha rhythm Late—persistent theta or delta activity Triphasic wave pattern—2–4 Hz bilaterally synchronous waves with a triphasic morphology…
Fig. 29.1 Brain MRI reveals hemorrhagic melanoma metastasis in the left frontal, left superior temporal, and right posterior temporal lobes. a, b Gradient echo sequence; c, d T1 post-contrast sequence Fig. 29.2…
Fig. 21.1 A right frontal non-enhancing glioma with increased T2 (left) and FLAIR (right) signal abnormality. It can be difficult to distinguish vasogenic edema from infiltrative tumor in a case such…
Primary Incidence (%) Breast 13–22 Lung 15–19 Prostate 10–18 Lymphoma 8–10 Sarcoma 7.5–9 Kidney 6–7 Gastrointestinal 4–5 Melanoma 2–4 Myeloma 4.5–5 Unknown 4–11 Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology Batson, through his cadaveric…
Fig. 19.1 Glucocorticoid mechanisms of action. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid (GC) action. GC crosses the cell membrane and binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the cytoplasm. GRs are kept in an…
Fig. 24.1 A 73-year-old man with an 18-month history of esophageal adenocarcinoma presented in April 2013 with right hemiparesis. a (postcontrast T1 MRI) reveals a mass that preoperatively was felt to…
