Fig. 44.1 Interictal, primarily generalized epileptiform discharges (4- to 5-Hz spike-and-wave and multiple spike-and-wave discharges) seen synchronously and symmetrically with frontal dominance of amplitude in a patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizures….
Fig. 20.1 This figure obtained from Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine with permission 2003 Oct; 70(10):866, 868, 871–873 The flow-volume loop is another aspect of data generated from spirometry characterized by…
Fig. 36.1 Different types of oral appliances used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. a AveoTSD (Innovative Health Technologies, New Zealand), b Somnomed (Denton, TX), c PM positioner (Tonawanda…
Classification Pharmacological agent (brand name(s)) Amphetamine derivatives Amphetamine mixed salt (Adderall), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Dextroamphet, Dextrostat, ProCentra), methamphetamine (Desoxyn), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), benzphetamine (Didrex), methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Methylin, Quillivant) DA precursor…
Fig. 34.1 Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2), minute ventilation, CPAP mask pressure, and apneic events recorded with an oximeter and a prototype of an intelligent CPAP machine in a patient with sleep…
Somnambulism Sleep terrors (A) Ambulation occurs during sleep (B) Persistence of sleep, an altered state of consciousness or impaired judgment during ambulation demonstrated by at least one of the following:…
Fig. 25.1 Spontaneous switch from unstable to stable NREM sleep. 5-min polysomnogram snapshot of stage N2, showing the relatively abrupt switch from a state of respiratory event and arousals to a…
Fig. 13.1 Memory systems and memory stages. a Memory systems. Human memory is most commonly divided into declarative forms, with further subdivisions into episodic and semantic, and nondeclarative forms, subdivided into…
Fig. 15.1 Overview of analytical approaches in clinical research Observational Studies The value of case reports has been the subject of considerable debate among clinical researchers. Primarily, this negative attitude comes…
(I) Physiologic central apneas 1. Sleep-onset central apneas 2. Post-arousal central apneas 3. Phasic REM sleep (II) Sleep-related disorders associated with normal nocturnal carbon dioxide (A) Central sleep apnea syndromes:…
