Fig. 26.1 Overnight polysomnographic (PSG) recording in a patient with upper airway obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) showing recurrent episodes of mixed apneas (initial control followed by obstructive events) during stage…
Fig. 2.1 Waking up of the giant Kumbhakarna, brother of Ravana in the great Indian epic Ramayana (circa 1000 B.C.) by hitting him with weapons and clubs, and shouting in his…
Fig. 52.1 Obstructive apnea during REM sleep (60 s PSG epoch). The event is characterized by cessation of nasal/oral (N/O) and nasal pressure (NPRE) airflow with preserved respiratory effort (THOR and ABD)….
Fig. 40.1 Polysomnographic (PSG) recording showing periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) characterized by dystonic and dystonic–myoclonic electromyographic (EMG) bursts in left (LT) and right (RT) tibialis (TIBIA) and gastrocnemius (GAST)…
Fig. 21.1 Cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during deep NREM sleep (first column), REM sleep (second column), and wakefulness (third column). Row a CGM quantified in…
Fig. 45.1 Combined facsimile of scans in nine cases with global cessation of dreaming caused by deep frontal lesions, illustrating the strong involvement of the white matter surrounding the frontal horns…
Fig. 5.1 Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of vigilance states (wake, NREM sleep, and REM sleep) in the rat and human. Wake in both species is characterized by cortical activation, of largely low-amplitude/fast-frequency…
Congestive heart failure • Ischemic heart disease • Nocturnal angina • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • Bronchial asthma, including nocturnal asthma • Peptic ulcer disease • Reflux esophagitis • Rheumatic…
Fig. 6.1 Efferent neural projections from the SCN to different brains regions and their involvement in the regulation of physiological functions. ARC arcuate nucleus; BNST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis;…
∙ The predominant complaint is a dissatisfaction with sleep quality or duration, associated with one or more of the following symptoms: 1. Difficulty initiating sleep 2. Difficulty maintaining sleep, characterized…
