Pediatric Insomnia
Infants and children should be put to bed wide awake Bedtime and wake time should remain as consistent as possible Naps should be timed early enough in the afternoon so…
Childhood Sleep and Medical Disorders
Fig. 18.1 Data from the Portuguese national survey – Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) [60], including 3476 students with a mean age of 14 years. The mean BMI is…
Sleep in Children with Psychiatric and Behavioral Problems
Disorders Subjective children data Objective data Anxiety disorders Parental reports of bedtime fears and rituals, need for co-sleeping and transitional objects. Nighttime waking, nightmares, DOA Reduced SL and SWS Increased…
Sleep Laboratory Tests
Fig. 5.1 Matching sleep–wake disturbance to sleep laboratory tests Nocturnal Polysomnography Technical Aspects The test consists of the recording of multiple physiological parameters during sleep. Most often this includes two…
Paralysis Is Only a Part of the Problem
Fig. 45.1 Images of Patient (a) Face: demonstrates the small jaw, broad based nose, low set ears and epicanthic folds. (b) Hands: clinodactyly of fifth digits (c) Feet: syndactyly of…
A Man with an Insidious, Painful Mononeuropathy
Right Left μV m/s μV m/s Sural (calf-ankle) No response No response Superf. peroneal (calf-ankle) No response No response Table 17.2 Motor nerve conduction studies Right Left Common…
Typical Phenotype, MRI and Histology
Movement Right Left Movement Right Left Shoulder abduction 4+ 4+ Hip flexion 2 4 Elbow extension 4 4− Hip extension 5 5 Elbow flexion 4 4− Hip abduction 5 5…
Atypical Phenotype, MRI and Histology
Fig. 35.1 Muscle biopsy. Muscle biopsy of myofibrillar myopathy – myotilinopathy. Haematoxylin-Eosin stained sections (a, d) show variation in fibre size, frequent rimmed vacuoles and eosinophilic inclusions in many of…
Myotonia and Paralysis-Two Syndromes, One Diagnosis
Fig. 33.1 Neurophysiology: long exercise test. This shows the change in compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude over 50 min following 5 min of exercise of ADM. The maximum decrement…
Drooping Eyelids Plus
Fig. 30.1 Bilateral ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia in Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: bilateral partial ptosis (a) with restriction of ocular movements in all directions of gaze as patient attempts to look up…
