complex partialsecondary generalized tonic–clonic not impairedimpairedloss of consciousness Generalized onset seizures (30%) absencemyoclonicprimary generalized tonic-clonic impairednot clinically impairedloss of consciousness CLASSIFICATION EPIDEMIOLOGY Epilepsy is defined as the tendency to have…
Figure 12.1 Testing for afferent and efferent pupillary disorders A.normal: both pupils constricted B.efferent defect: shine torch in affected eye (dilated pupil): light is perceived but affected pupil is unable…
extramedullary neurofibroma, meningioma intramedullary astrocytoma, ependymoma, tuberculoma, schistosome ova, syringomyelia Non compressive transverse myelopathy viral infections, HIV, TB, syphilis, HTLV-1, Devic’s disease nutritional konzo, lathyrism, tropical ataxic neuropathy vascular sickle…
(examine for the following) Comments STEP 1 level of consciousness most important of all assessments(repeat at regular intervals, usually every 15 mins) STEP 2 signs of HI lacerations, bruising or…
MetastasesMeningiomaPituitary adenoma 30-50%20-30%20-30%10-15% CraniopharyngiomaLymphomaAcoustic neuromaPinealomaColloid cyst 2-5%1%<1%<1%<1% CLINICAL FEATURES Intracranial tumours in Africa are characterised by late presentation with on average a 2 year delay before diagnosis and a high…
Figure 18.1 Clinical features NF type 1 Table 18.2 Diagnostic criteria for NF1 Criteria: a diagnosis of NF type 1 is met if any two or more of the following…
12/100,000 (adults) 5-40% (children)10-70% (adults) Opportunistic infections in HIVcryptococcustoxoplasmosisTB 5-700,000 50%10-20%>50% CNS TB (non HIV) 30,000 20-30% Cerebral malaria >0.5 million 10-20% Human African trypanosomiasis 40,000-300,000 20-30% Tetanus 100,000 40-60%…
Figure 14.1 Parkinson’s disease Figure 14.2 Parkinson’s disease Causes The underlying cause of most cases of PD is not known and the term idiopathic PD is used to describe the…
Figure 13.1 Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy Figure 13.2 Limb girdle muscular dystrophy Key points muscular dystrophies are uncommon in adults two main types, limb girdle and facioscapulohumeral the pattern of muscle weakness…
