Figure 73.1. An algorithm for decision-making in suspected vasospasm after SAH is provided. EVD = external ventricular drain; HC = hydrocephalus; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; IVH = intraventricular hemorrhage; MAP = mean arterial pressure. First choice of monitoring always includes…
Figure 72.1 Management of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Columbia University Protocol. References 1. Suarez JI, Tarr RW, Selman WR. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:…
Figure 43.1. Schematic representation of the ischemic tissue after a major vessel occlusion. In black there is represented the ischemic core, irreversibly damaged. The ischemic penumbra is represented by the…
71 Optimizing Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Acute Brain Injury Pedro Kurtz 1, Neeraj Badjatia 2 1 Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA…
Figure 40.1. Stroke Code of The Madrid Stroke Network. Activation and distribution of stroke patients by the emergency coordination center. Infrastructure: Stroke Unit. Intensive Care Unit. Emergency Department. Stroke…
Figure 34.1. Algorithm for the treatment of intracranial hypertension. HDB = Barbiturates in high doses; DC = Decompressive craniectomy; HV = Hyperventilation. Although we argue that the best approach would be personalized treatment of a patient’s…
Figure 68.1. Algorithm for treatment of acute hypertensive response among patients with stroke and stroke subtypes. Based on the NINDS rtPA prethrombolytic protocol for patients with acute ischemic stroke, for…
Figure 25.1. The volume tolerance curve, formerly called the compliance curve. The compliance curve was used to describe volume variation over pressure variation; as the curve is exponential, the compliance…
Figure 63.1. Pathophysiology cascade of ischemic neuronal death associated to secondary brain damage. AMPA = α-amino-3-hidroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid type of glutamate receptors; ATP = Adenosin-triphosphate; BAX / Bcl-2 = pro and anti-apoptotic proteins in mytochondrial membrane; Ca++ = calcium;…
Figure 30.1. A schematic illustration of the brain enclosed inside the dura/cranium. ∆Pc denotes transcapillary hydrostatic pressure; Ponc plasma oncotic pressure; PA arterial inflow pressure; RA arterial resistance; RV venular…
