Growth Modulation Techniques: Tethering
Fig. 44.1 Progression of scoliosis with growth from a straight spine (a), with disk wedging (b), and finally vertebral wedging (c). If the deformity is treated with a tether placed…
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Corrective Spine Surgery in the Growing Child
Fig. 53.1 Electrode positions for posterior tibial nerve SSEP, H-reflex and train of four (TOF). (TOF is monitored to ensure clearance of the neuromuscular junction for optimal tceMEP recordings.) (1)…
Surgical Management of Kyphosis in Meningomyelocele
Fig. 34.1 14-year-old with a prominent gibbus and kyphectomy deformity (Reprinted from Furderer et al. [7] with permission from Springer Science) Fig. 34.2 Lateral radiograph demonstrating severe kyphotic deformity (Reprinted…
Embryology and Anatomy: Spine/Spinal Cord
Fig. 1.1 Photomicrograph of primitive streak in the bilaminar germ disc. The primitive pit, primitive groove, and primitive node form the primitive streak. The head of the embryo will eventually…
Vertebral Resection
In situ fusion Stapling Growing rods Shilla Vertebral resection VEPTR Applicability in severe deformities + + ++ ++ +++ ++ Correction, rate/speed + + ++ ++ +++ + Grade…
Imaging of the Growing Spine
, Peter O. Newton2, 3 , Christine L. Farnsworth2 and Kevin Parvaresh3 (1) Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (2) Division of Orthopedics, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA,…
Convex Growth Arrest for Congenital Scoliosis
Fig. 40.1 (a) Thoracolumbar scoliosis and (b) concurrent sagittal plane deformity in a 4-year-old male patient who was treated with uninstrumented anterior convex growth arrest. Four-year follow-up radiographs show almost…
Relevant Biomechanics to Growth Modulation
Orthopedic biomaterial Modulus of elasticity Ceramic 400 Co-Cr alloys 210 Stainless steel 190 TAV (Ti-6Al-4 V) 110 Tendon 50 Cortical bone 12–24 PMMA bone cement 2.2 Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene…
The Growing Spine in Marfan and Loeys–Dietz Syndromes
Role of nonoperative management Curves become large at a young age Brace early or not at all; avoid in low-yield situations Comprehensive imaging Image entire spine MRI before surgery in…
Intraspinal Pathology
Fig. 15.1 Congenital spinal malformations; disordered embryogenesis during formation of neural tube from neural ectoderm results with myelomeningocele, while different forms of occult dysraphism may occur due to mesodermal disarrangement…
