Complementary and alternative medicine
Given the high complexity and lack of a definitive treatment to overcome the range of sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI), patients and families often turn to complementary therapies to…
Disorders of consciousness
Nomenclature and taxonomy • The three main disorders of consciousness (DoC) are coma, the vegetative state (VS), and the minimally conscious state (MCS). • It is important to distinguish between…
Anoxic brain injury
Anoxia is defined by the total absence of oxygen to the tissues or a particular organ such as the brain. The term anoxic brain injury (ABI) is frequently used synonymously…
Dual diagnosis of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury
The dual diagnosis of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has clinical and diagnostic features of both conditions typically stemming from a single traumatic event. These…
Postconcussion syndrome assessment, management, and treatment
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) makes up 85% to 90% of all traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases. Based on clinical outcomes and formal research, most people with an mTBI will…
Nontraumatic brain injury
Nontraumatic brain injury (NTBI) is a broad category of brain disorders not resulting from traumatic forces. Included in this category are acquired brain injuries resulting from ischemic cerebrovascular disease, infection,…
Gender-specific issues in traumatic brain injury
Although sex-based differences regarding the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been well documented, there is a dearth of literature examining sex and gender effects on TBI-related outcomes and…
Sport concussion
According to the most recent Consensus Statement of the International Conference on Concussion in Sport, held in 2016, a sport-related concussion is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by biomechanical…
Military traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the military rose to prominence in the early 2000s and was called the signature injury of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Although generally adhering…
Geriatric traumatic brain injury
Population dynamics • The population of people in the United States over 64 in 1990 was 29.9 million, versus 40 million in 2010 and 47 million in 2015. This number…
