Abstract Implanted brain–computer interfaces (iBCIs) have made impressive advances since the first human proof-of-concept demonstrations. Humans with long-standing paralysis have been able to communicate by typing at productive rates and…
Abstract This chapter focuses on neuromodulation systems that leverage feedback control to adjust stimulation properties automatically. Most current neuromodulation systems provide open-loop stimulation, wherein stimulation parameters are static and unaffected…
Abstract Implantable neurostimulators are the tools used by clinicians to execute the various and diverse neuromodulation therapies. Just as it is important for the engineers developing these stimulators to understand…
Abstract The electrode for the neural interface is the place where the independent systems of engineering and biology interact electrically for communication. It is a unidirectional or bidirectional channel through…
Abstract The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a unique neural structure in the nervous system as it not only houses the somata of the primary sensory neurons (PSNs) but also…
Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was first used to treat essential tremor and the movement disorders associated with Parkinson disease. Its success led to its consideration as treatment for a…
Abstract There has been a steady increase in the amount of published data on the mechanism of action (MOA) of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the past 2 decades, but…
Abstract Neuromodulation elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral or spinal nerves is a US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for treating several disorders of the pelvic viscera. Although the detailed…
Abstract Burst stimulation was developed based on a very simple principle that mimicking naturally occurring firing patterns might be beneficial for neuromodulation. Its main benefit lies in the capacity of…
Abstract Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used in managing chronic pain conditions that are refractory to current pharmacotherapies. However, conventional SCS has often been associated with suboptimal efficacy and…
