Figure 7.1 Cervical MRI (axial plane and T1 fat suppression technique). (A) Vertebral artery dissection. (B) Bilateral internal carotid artery dissections. Arrows indicate semilunar signal hyperintensities representing intramural hematoma. MRI…

Figure 26.1 Normal median nerve (arrows) in the middle of the forearm. Notice the honeycomb-like echotexture in the transversal (A) and the fascicular echotexture in the longitudinal (B) scan. FDS…

Figure 11.1 Wave form of the V2 segment of the vertebral artery with progressive luminal narrowing of the subclavian artery [2]. Stepwise development of retrograde flow: decelerated upstroke (A), systolic…

Figure 16.1 Cardiac right-to-left shunt (atrial septal defect) is demonstrated using color Doppler transesophageal echocardiography. Focused questions How is a cTCD study for RLS detection usually performed? Which cTCD findings…

Figure 18.1 The CBF remains relatively constant during variations of cerebral perfusion pressure. (From Szatmári et al. Critical Care 2010;14:R50.) Figure 18.2 The measurement of cerebrovascular reserve capacity. (From Centre…

Figure 6.1 Most frequent types of vertebrobasilar (VB) occlusive disease. Insets: (1a) Cerebral small vessel disease of pontine perforator by atherolipohyalinosis (inset: cross section of the lesion). (1B) Atheroma of…

Figure 12.1 Acute internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis originally diagnosed by cervical duplex ultrasound (A, C, D) and subsequently confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (B). Note the presence of isoechoic…

Figure 21.1 Examples of Doppler spectrum patterns observable with increasing ICP compatible with angiographic cessation of cerebral blood flow. Imaging tips Ultrasound systems and settings All of the above-mentioned patterns…

Figure 14.1 The operator-independent “hands-free” ultrasound device for transcranial insonation of proximal intracranial arteries through standard temporal and suboccipital windows. Focused questions Does the stroke center have personnel trained in…