Name of test Remarks Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III and IV) Most widely used scale, includes tasks of story recall (Logical memory), recall of word pairs (Verbal paired Associates) and visual…

Fig. 2.1 Surface based morphometry (SBM) and voxel based morphometry (VBM) comparing cohorts of healthy controls and ALS patients. The analyses highlight motor cortex atrophy and additional grey matter changes…

Fig. 12.1 Image of the structure of PrPC showing three alpha helices, a single disulphide bond, up to two carbohydrate moieties and attachment to the cell surface via a glycosylinositolphosphate…

HIV associated asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) 1. Acquired impairment in cognitive functioning, involving at least two ability domains, documented by performance of at least 1 standard deviation below the mean…

Fig. 1.1 Clinical Classification of Neurodegenerative conditions Eponymous classifications (e.g., Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease) remain useful in a clinical setting, as the diagnosis generates a framework for…

Gene (protein) Chromosome Inheritance Role in AD pathogenesis APP (amyloid precursor protein) 21 Autosomal dominant Mutations in the APP gene promote cleavage at b or g sites leading to overproduction…

1. Speech  4 Normal speech  3 Detectable disturbance  2 Intelligible without repeating  1 Speech with non-verbal communication  0 Loss of useful speech 2. Salivation  4 Normal  3 Slight but definite…

Examples of speech “We are looking for one hor….like we…are just saying…I should not have done…I didn’t realize it, like I say………. I used to be very ….. I had…

Title Authors Scale description Functional Capacity Rating Scale Shoulsan and Fahn (1979) Measures functional capacity across 5 domains on a scale of 1–5 Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Kieburtz…

Fig. 6.1 (a) H&E staining of a substantia nigra neuron containing a Lewy body; (b) The core of each Lewy body stains more strongly for α(alpha)-synuclein than the characteristic halo…