Spinal Tumors David Cachia Claudio E. Tatsui Mark R. Gilbert INTRODUCTION Tumors of the spinal cord or nerve roots are similar to intracranial tumors in cellular type. They may arise…

Paraneoplastic Syndromes Lauren R. Schaff Lewis P. Rowland INTRODUCTION Neurologic paraneoplastic disorders are caused by indirect damage to central or peripheral nervous system structures from a systemic cancer, resulting in…

Acoustic Neuroma and Other Skull Base Tumors Randy S. D’Amico Michael B. Sisti VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA (ACOUSTIC NEUROMA) EPIDEMIOLOGY Vestibular schwannomas (e.g., acoustic neuroma, acoustic neurofibroma) are slow-growing, benign extra-axial tumors…

Pineal Region Tumors Jeffrey N. Bruce INTRODUCTION The pineal gland is composed of glandular tissue, glia, endothelial cells, and sympathetic nerve terminals. The numerous cell types that make up the…

Tumors of the Pituitary Gland John Ausiello Pamela U. Freda Jeffrey N. Bruce INTRODUCTION Pituitary tumors are a common medical problem often found incidentally on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)…

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Tracy T. Batchelor INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the brain, leptomeninges, eyes, or spinal cord. The…

Tumors of the Meninges Thomas J. Kaley INTRODUCTION Diseases of the dura are rather uncommon, except for meningiomas. Not just the most common dural disease, meningiomas are the most common…

Metastatic Tumors Enid Choi Graeme F. Woodworth Minesh P. Mehta INTRODUCTION It is estimated that 13.7 million people living in the United States today are alive with a diagnosis of…

Gliomas Mikael L. Rinne Patrick Y. Wen INTRODUCTION Gliomas are a group of primary central nervous system (CNS) neuroepithelial tumors that appear to arise from glial progenitor cells in the…

Metabolic and Mitochondrial Myopathies in Adults Michio Hirano Salvatore DiMauro Lewis P. Rowland INTRODUCTION Metabolic myopathies comprise a clinically and etiologically diverse group of disorders due to defects in cellular…