6 Sacral-Iliac Spine Amit R. Patel and Ravi K. Ponnappan I. Key Points – The sacrum is the structural link that distributes load from the lumbar spine to the pelvis…

25 Spinal Emergencies Mohammed Eleraky and Frank D. Vrionis I. Key Points – Prompt and accurate diagnosis of spinal emergencies is critical because return of function is highly dependent on…

39 Resection of Pancoast Tumors Jean-Paul Wolinsky and Ziya L. Gokaslan I. Key Points – T3N0M0 or T4N0M0 tumors (respectively, tumors with chest wall or chest wall and vertebral body…

2 Craniovertebral Junction Ali A. Baaj, Edwin Ramos, and Juan S. Uribe I. Key Points – The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) includes the base of the occiput (O), the occipital condyles,…

19 Tumors of the Spine Camilo A. Molina and Daniel M. Sciubba I. Key Points – Spine tumors are broadly organized into three general categories depending on the spine compartment…

14 Spinal Navigation Ben J. Garrido and Rick C. Sasso I. Key Points – Allows intraoperative real-time navigation of instruments relative to the spinal anatomy – Provides three-dimensional (3D) real-time…

12 Bedside Procedures Daniel C. Lu and Praveen V. Mummaneni I. Key Points – Halo orthosis and traction: Skull fracture or severe skull osteoporosis is a contraindication for halo placement….

11 Interventional Pain/Nonoperative Spine Procedures: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Daniel Marin I. Key Points This chapter focuses on nonoperative diagnostic and therapeutic spine procedures for the purpose of understanding their context,…

13 Spinal Radiation Therapy Edward A. Monaco III and Peter Carlos Gerszten I. Key Points – Conventional fractionated radiotherapy, defined as radiation delivered in one to two radiation beams without…

1 Embryology of the Spine Akash J. Patel, Katherine Relyea, Daniel H. Fulkerson, and Andrew Jea I. Key Points – The developing vertebral column is formed from somites, which develop…