Cervical Radiculopathy: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Michael P. Steinmetz Edward C. Benzel Thomas E. Mroz The earliest descriptions of spinal nerve root compression can be traced to early Egyptian medical…
Neurologic Examination: Grading Scales Charles H. Tator The clinical neurologic examination and imaging of the spine and spinal cord are the most important components of the assessment of patients with…
Anatomic Localization Gordon K.T. Chu Michael G. Fehlings Injuries to the cervical spine can cause variable symptoms; the resultant injury encompasses a full spectrum of signs and symptoms from the…
Neurologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine Margarita Almeida El-Ramey Maurice R. Hanson Nestor Galvez-Jimenez SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL DYSFUNCTION The principal symptom that provokes a patient to seek medical attention is…
Differential Diagnosis of the Cervical Spine: Spinal Masqueraders Ricky James Placide A multitude of pathologic conditions can affect the structure and function of the cervical spine, contributing to a variety…
Neurologic and Functional Evaluation Seth M. Zeidman Edward C. Benzel Virgilio Matheus Appropriate neurologic assessment is critical for the evaluation and treatment of cervical disk herniation and degenerative diseases of…
The Nonoperative Treatment of Cervical Pain Evan W. Rivers Christine M. Gagnon Norman R. Harden Neck pain is associated with multiple etiologies, including injury, biomechanical factors, occupational overuse, and anatomic…
Pain Mechanisms: Relevant Anatomy, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Implications Beth A. Winkelstein Nadine Dunk James N. Weinstein This chapter describes briefly the anatomy of the cervical spine and relevant potential sources…
Cervical Orthoses and Cranioskeletal Traction Mark S. Eskander Dahari D. Brooks The earliest use of cervical orthoses comes from the fifth Egyptian dynasty (2750 to 2625 BC) (1). The biomechanical…
Biomechanics of Nonacute Cervical Spine Trauma Parmenion P. Tsitsopoulos Alexander J. Ghanayem The cervical spine is subject to injury from various pathologic conditions other than acute trauma. Degenerative changes, inflammatory…
