Instrument of Brain Stimulation
Fig. 5.1 Extrel type DBS system. (a) External transmitter (model 3523). (b) Antenna. (c) Receiver (model 3360). (d) Stimulation electrode (Reprinted with the permission of Medtronic, Inc. © 1991) Fig….
Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonia
Primary dystonia Typically early-onset: generalized DYT1 generalized dystonia Non-DYT1 generalized dystonia Paroxysmal dystonia and dyskinesias Dopa-responsive dystonia Myoclonic dystonia Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism Typically adult-onset: focal Blephalospasm Cervical dystonia Writer’s…
Stimulation of Globus Pallidus
Fig. 8.1 Schematic diagram of the basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuitry under normal conditions (a) and in Parkinson’s disease (b). In Parkinson’s disease, decreased excitatory inputs from the substantia nigra compacta (SNc)…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Intractable Pain
Fig. 12.1 (a) (surface histogram) The depression of RIII (“nociceptive”) flexion reflexes induced by SCS in a 35-year-old woman with electrodes at T10 level. Each trace is the rectified average…
Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor
(1) Department of Motor Neuroscience and Neurotherapeutics, Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan Ryoma Morigaki Email: sgoto@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp 11.1…
Intraoperative Microelectrode Recording
Fig. 4.1 Electrodes used for microelectrode recording (MER). (a) MER performed using the electrode tip (arrowhead) as the recording electrode and the tip of the outer sheath (arrow) as the…
Thalamic Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Studies on DBS
Fig. 9.1 Microelectrode recording of Vim and electromyogram of tremor in 60-year-old male with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease. (a) Schematic presentation of trajectory to Vim in Schaltenbrand–Wahren atlas (1977) at 12…
Surgical Technique of Brain Stimulation
and Toru Itakura2 (1) Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan (2) Department of Neurological Surgery, Koyo Hospital, Wakayama, Japan 6.1 Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is…
Functional Circuitry of the Basal Ganglia
Fig. 1.1 Basal ganglia. Human basal ganglia shown in a frontal section and in a lateral view (inset). The basal ganglia receive cortical inputs and return processed information to the…
Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus for Parkinson’s Disease
Fig. 7.1 Postoperative radiograph example of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). (a, b) Skull X-ray demonstrates electrode leads for STN-DBS (white arrow). (c) Chest X-ray demonstrates implantable pulse generators in…
