Physical Examination
7 Physical Examination Mark S. Greenberg and Daniel Marin I. Key Points – There are four main components to the spinal exam: motor, sensory, reflex, and mechanical. This is in…
C1–C2 Techniques
29 C1-C2 Techniques Jau-Ching Wu and Praveen V. Mummaneni I. Key Points – Fixation choices are (1) C1 lateral mass screws in combination with C2 pars screws, pedicle screws, or…
Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease
21 Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease Michael Y. Wang I. Key Points – Degenerative disease of the spine is a ubiquitous problem and part of the natural aging process. Treatment, surgical…
Pharmacology
10 Pharmacology Mark S. Greenberg I. Key Points – Treating pain early with effective doses results in overall reduction in the consumption of pain meds. – Adjuncts to opioids for…
Cervical Open Reduction Techniques: Anterior and Posterior Approaches
38 Cervical Open Reduction Techniques: Anterior and Posterior Approaches Harminder Singh, George M. Ghobrial, and James Harrop I. Key Points – Cervical facet dislocations result from high-energy traumatic forces transmitted…
Congenital Anomalies
16 Congenital Anomalies Rory R. Mayer, Katherine Relyea, and Andrew Jea I. Key Points – Most developmental disorders of the spine occur in either the upper cervical or lower thoracic…
Lumbosacroiliac Fixation
61 Lumbosacroiliac Fixation Amit R. Patel, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and Ravi K. Ponnappan I. Key Points – Lumbosacroiliac (LSI) fixation provides the strongest biomechanical construct for sacral fractures and lumbopelvic…
Anterior Cervical Corpectomy
32 Anterior Cervical Corpectomy Mohammad Said Shukairy and Frank M. Phillips I. Key Points – Anterior cervical corpectomy is a safe and effective technique for decompression of the ventral cervical…
Sacrectomy
62 Sacrectomy Ioannis Papanastassiou, Mohammad Eleraky, and Frank D. Vrionis I. Key Points – A posterior and combined approach to and instrumentation for total sacrectomy are feasible. – Try to…
Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement
54 Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement Michael Y. Wang I. Key Points – Numerous methods can be used for implanting percutaneous pedicle screws, such as image guidance, en face targeting, and…
