Risk factors (predictors of low bone mass) Inconsistent predictors of low bone mass Female sex Levels of exercise in childhood and adolescence Increased age Use of alcohol- and caffeine-containing beverages…
Fig. 21.1 Different endoscopic approaches to the spine: 1, endoscopically assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ETLIF); 2, endoscopic lateral lumbar interbody fusion (ELLIF); 3, laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion (LALIF);…
Fig. 32.1 Anatomy of sacroiliac joint Fig. 32.2 Ligaments of sacroiliac joint Gender, age, and weight significantly influence the probability that a sacroiliac joint origin contributes to the patient’s chronic…
Fig. 34.1 (a) The intermuscular plane is opened from L2 through sacrum. The common tendon of multifidus is seen inserting to the superior articular process at each segment. The longissimus…
, Michelle M. Falcone2, Michael Y. Wang2 and Steven Wu1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (2) Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital,…
(1) Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Abstract Minimally invasive surgical techniques have grown in popularity in recent years due to the theoretical advantages of smaller incisions, reduced muscle…
Fig. 24.1 Schematic drawing of the lumbar plexus from the lateral view (Courtesy of Dr. Juan S. Uribe) A number of cadaveric studies have detailed the anatomy of the lumbar…
and Juan S. Uribe1 (1) University South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Juan S. Uribe Email: juansuribe@gmail.com Abstract Many factors are involved in the surgical management of adult spinal deformity, including maintenance of…
Anatomical Resection Description Surgical approach Modifiers Grade 1 Partial Facet Joint Resection of the inferior facet and joint capsule at a given spinal level A/P (anterior soft tissue release…
Fig. 20.1 Preferential access routes to the interbody space at varying spinal segments Lateral – Open lateral approaches have been used for decades to access the mid-lumbar spine. Originally used…
