2 Fetal and neonatal hypoxic–ischemic lesions The most common neuropathology encountered in pediatric autopsies is that associated with hypoxia and/or ischemia. The great variety of lesions associated with these two…
23 Lysosomal and peroxisomal disorders This chapter deals first with the lysosomal disorders that principally affect gray matter and then with those involving white matter (leukodystrophies). Lastly, the chapter covers…
17 Fungal infections Fungi are responsible for an increasing proportion of CNS infections. Contributory factors include: The widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs. An increase in the relative number of elderly…
12 Acute viral infections Classifications of viral infections of the CNS such as those shown in Table 12.1 are of help in making an accurate diagnosis. In practice, a combination of…
44 Neoplasms in the region of the pituitary fossa Neoplasms in the region of the pituitary fossa may arise in the pituitary gland itself, the sphenoid bone that surrounds the…
22 Systemic metabolic diseases INTRODUCTION Normal neuronal metabolism depends on systemic homeostasis of a range of metabolites, including glucose, electrolytes, amino acids, and ammonia. The term ‘metabolic encephalopathy’ describes the…
32 Prion diseases The designation of prion diseases as a distinct nosologic category is based on the elucidation of a novel molecular pathology that is common to several disorders previously…
15 Acute bacterial infections and bacterial abscesses ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS NEONATAL BACTERIAL MENINGITIS MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCES The brain is swollen and congested. Hemorrhagic infarcts are common and may be extensive (Fig. 15.1),…
33 Thalamic and pallidal degenerations, neuroaxonal dystrophy, and autonomic failure THALAMIC DEGENERATIONS Thalamic degeneration is a feature of several multisystem neurodegenerative disorders (Table 33.1), but can also rarely occur in…
36 Non-astrocytic gliomas The following glial neoplasms are considered in this chapter: oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, and mixed gliomas. OLIGODENDROGLIOMAS Oligodendrogliomas usually present in adulthood. They show a broad range of behaviors;…
