38 Embryonal neuroepithelial neoplasms of the CNS EMBRYONAL NEUROEPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS Embryonal (primitive) neuroepithelial neoplasms make up approximately 5% of CNS neoplasms. Their features include: a predominance in children a tendency…
7 Miscellaneous pediatric disorders VASCULAR DISEASES Central nervous system vascular pathology is uncommon in children, but there are rare forms of vasculopathy unique to this age group, as well as…
1 Pathologic reactions in the CNS PATHOLOGIC RESPONSES IN NEURONS NORMAL NEURONAL CYTOLOGY AND STAINING The cytologic appearance of neurons varies depending upon their location. In general, neurons have moderate to…
19 Multiple sclerosis Demyelination is characterized by destruction of normal myelin with relative preservation of axons. By convention, the term demyelination excludes disorders in which there is a failure to…
29 Ataxic disorders Patients with ataxia show an impairment of coordination in the absence of muscle weakness (Table 29.1). The cause of this relates to one or both of the following:…
27 Motor neuron disorders CLASSIFICATION Diseases that affect motor neurons can be classified as either primary, secondary, or multisystem (Table 27.1). The terms ‘motor neuron diseases’ and ‘motor neuron disorders’ are…
16 Chronic bacterial infections and neurosarcoidosis TUBERCULOSIS MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCES Tuberculous meningitis is characterized by a gelatinous subarachnoid exudate. This may appear slightly nodular and is usually thickest in the sylvian…
42 Peripheral nerve sheath neoplasms Neoplasms derived from cells that surround peripheral nerves may present with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and signs when they arise at a proximal site….
8 Adult hypoxic and ischemic lesions TERMINOLOGY Although ‘hypoxia’ (reduction in oxygen supply or impairment of its utilization) and ‘ischemia’ (reduction in blood supply) are often used interchangeably, and the…
37 Neuroepithelial neoplasms displaying neuronal features Neoplastic cells with morphologic and/or immunohistochemical characteristics of neurons may occur in neuroepithelial neoplasms as: large neuron-like ‘ganglion’ cells small but well-differentiated neurocytes poorly…
