The Biochemistry of Syringomyelia
Plasma ECF/ISF ICF CSF Syrinxa Sodium (mM) 135–145 138–142 5–15 135–154 145–150 Potassium (mM) 3.4–4.7 3.8–5 135–155 2.6–3.1 2.6–2.8 pH 7.35–7.45 7.44 7.3–7.6 Chloride (mM) 99–108 118 9.0 115–130…
The Filling Mechanism
Fig. 6.1 Proposed syrinx filling mechanisms involving fluid flow from the fourth ventricle. Theory proposed by Gardner et al. (1957). (a) During systole, CSF is forced into the central canal….
Pain Management
Specific and nonspecific pains (see Table 16.2) Hypoaesthesia: reduced sense of touch or sensation or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli Hypoalgesia or hypalgesia: decreased sensitivity to painful…
Idiopathic Syringomyelia
Authors and year Type Number of patients (sex) Age (mean) Location Symptoms Treatment Outcomes Follow-upperiod Ataizi et al. (2007) Case report 1 (F) 28 C5–T1 Neck and back pain Conservative…
Useful Contacts
Graham Flint and Clare Rusbridge (eds.)Syringomyelia2014A Disorder of CSF Circulation10.1007/978-3-642-13706-8_24 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 24. Useful Contacts Graham Flint1 and Clare Rusbridge2, 3 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (2)…
Mathematical Modelling
(7.1) Hard vertebrae have a much larger Young’s modulus than the soft dura mater, as a greater stress (about 100 times) is required to produce the same strain. The concept…
History of the Imaging of Syringomyelia
Fig. 21.1 MR flow imaging. (a) T2 sagittal MR image of craniovertebral junction and spinal canal. (b) Corresponding phase contrast MR images demonstrating caudal displacement of CSF (seen as black),…
Nomenclature
Fig. 20.1 Hydromyelia, syringomyelia or syringohydromyelia? In these sections of the spinal cord from a dog, it can be seen that some segments appear to have a syringohydromyelia (top row,…
Patient Perspectives
Worry and uncertainty prior to diagnosis Delays in diagnosis Relief and new worries when diagnosis is made Alarm about proposed brain surgery Value of talking to other patients Dependence upon…
Epidemiology
Prevalence (per 100,000 inhabitants) Geographical region Reference source 1.94 Japan Sakushima et al. (2012) 7 USA Kurtzke (1996) 8.2 New Zealand Brickell et al. (2006) 12.6 Tatarstan, Russia Authors’ data…
