Epilepsy and Related Disorders
CHAPTER 11 Epilepsy and Related Disorders I. Miscellaneous A. Definitions 1. Seizure: reflects a sudden, sustained, and simultaneous discharge of very large numbers of neurons, either within a region of the brain or…
Infections of the Nervous System
Related posts: Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG) Headache Syndromes Demyelinating Disorders Neurohistology, Embryology, and Developmental Disorders Dementia Clinical Neuroanatomy
Neurourology
CHAPTER 22 Neurourology I. Micturition A. Involves coordination of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) B. Initiated by cerebral cortex C. First step is relaxation of striated external urethral sphincter (EUS)…
Neurotoxicology and Nutritional Disorders
CHAPTER 15 Neurotoxicology and Nutritional Disorders I. Heavy Metals A. Arsenic 1. Pathophysiology: a primary source is pesticides; reacts with sulfhydryl groups of proteins and interferes with several steps of metabolism in the…
Neurorehabilitation
CHAPTER 25 Neurorehabilitation I. Background and General Principles: approximately 500 million people worldwide are disabled in some way; prevalence: one in 10 of the world population; three main groups of roughly…
Neurocritical Care
CHAPTER 7 Neurocritical Care I. Critical Care Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke A. Acute ischemic stroke management is discussed more extensively in Chapter 5. Majority of stroke patients are managed on a…
Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG)
I. NCS and EMG A. Basic neurophysiology 1. Action potential (AP) generation a. Definition: a self-propagating regenerative change in membrane potential b. Originally found to be the result of sodium/potassium channels via voltage clamp experiments…
Neurochemistry/Pharmacology
I. Neurotransmitters (NTs) and Receptors A. Miscellaneous 1. Three major categories of NTs a. Amino acids i. Glutamate ii. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) iii. Aspartic acid iv. Glycine b. Peptides i. Vasopressin ii. Somatostatin iii. Neurotensin c. Monoamines i. Norepinephrine (NE) ii. Dopamine (DA) iii. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine…
Sleep and Sleep Disorders
CHAPTER 16 Sleep and Sleep Disorders I. Wakefulness and Sleep Overview A. Arousal system has two main ascending pathways: 1. Cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmentum → ventroposterior and mediodorsal nuclei…
Head Trauma
CHAPTER 6 Head Trauma I. Cranio-Cerebral Trauma A. Overview 1. In persons up to 44 years old, trauma and injuries are the leading cause of death. a. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is responsible for…
