1 Introduction and Historical Perspective Edward R. Laws Jr. and Zachary N. Litvack “As is true of all difficult operative procedures, the performance becomes progressively simplified by the combined suggestion and…
4 Medical Evaluation and Management Mary Lee Vance Of the many types of lesions that occur in the sella or parasellar region, a pituitary adenoma is the most common. All lesions…
Figure 19.1 Qualitative and quantitative effects of white screen and checkerboard stimulation on intracranial flow patterns of the PCA (P2-segment). General experimental procedure. Envelope curve of the Doppler frequency spectra…
Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of static autoregulation (Lassen’s) curve. Cerebral blood flow is maintained constant between 50 and 150 mmHg of mean ABP. These are known to be the lower…
Figure 25.1 Schematic drawing of the bulbus. (From Tillmann B, Atlas der Anatomie. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2004, 88.) Papilla The papilla (discus nervi optici) is the origin of the ON…
Figure 5B.1 B-mode (top) and color power Doppler (below) of plaques with different echogenicity. (A) A hyperechoic with acoustic shadow, irregular surface calcific plaque; (B) isoechoic, smooth surface fibrous plaque;…
Figure 9B.1 (A) Illuminated skull demonstrating transducer position over the temporal bone for axial planes. (B) T2-weighted MRI, coronal image, demonstrating five axial insonation planes (1 = midbrain, 2 =…
(MFV, SPR)Stenosis ≥70%(MFV, SPR)Diffuse disease or near occlusion(MFV, SPR)MCA≥ 100 cm/s, ≥2≥ 120cm/s, ≥3<30cm/s, <1ACA≥ 80 cm/s, ≥2n.a., ≥3<30cm/s, <1PCA≥ 80 cm/s, ≥2n.a., ≥3<30cm/s, <1BA≥ 90 cm/s, ≥2≥ 110 cm/s…
Figure 9C.1 Anatomy of the circle of Willis. A1, ACA: part 1 of anterior cerebral artery; A2, ACA: part 2 of anterior cerebral artery; ACoA: anterior communicating artery; BA: basilar…
Figure 9A.1 Cerebral arteries (basal view) and circle of Willis. 1 = Superior cerebellar artery; 2 = basilar artery; 3 = pontine branches; 4 = vertebral artery; 5 = anterior…
