Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption
Chapter 12 Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic system that separates the peripheral blood from the neural tissue. It is composed of endothelial cells connected…
Gliotransmitters
Chapter 3 Gliotransmitters Abstract Glial cells were classically thought of passive “glue” that held neurons together. This view was challenged, however, with the use of new techniques, most notably patch-clamp…
Gap Junctions
Chapter 11 Gap Junctions Abstract Electrotonic coupling between cells is accomplished through the formation of gap junctions (GJs) between cells. Composed of connexin proteins, GJs are found on multiple cell…
Therapeutic Targets and Future Directions
Chapter 14 Therapeutic Targets and Future Directions Abstract As astrocytes are the elements of the nervous system responsible for homeostatic function, and disease represents loss of homeostasis, therapeutic targets for…
Seizures and Quantitative EEG
Fig. 4.1 An example compressed spectral array (CSA). Panels, top to bottom: left parietal average signal, left temporal average signal, right temporal average signal, right parietal average signal, relative asymmetry…
Electrolyte Disturbances and Critical Care Seizures
Fig. 18.1 Transport of water, gases, and electrolytes across the blood–brain barrier. Small lipophilic molecules passively diffuse through endothelial cells, while the transport of electrolytes and water is tightly regulated…
Global Hypoxia-Ischemia and Critical Care Seizures
Fig. 13.1 DWI MRI of the brain 29 h later demonstrating diffuse abnormalities, especially in the basal ganglia, thalamus, insular and occipital cortices Fig. 13.2 DWI MRI of the brain…
Spreading Depolarizations and Seizures in Clinical Subdural Electrocorticographic Recordings
Fig. 5.1 SD and IEE. (a) SD is observed as a large negative DC shift (first trace, full-band recording between 0 and 45 Hz). (A) shows the amplitude and (B)…
Diagnosing and Monitoring Seizures in the ICU: The Role of Continuous EEG for Detection and Management of Seizures in Critically Ill Patients, Including the Ictal-Interictal Continuum
Fig. 3.1 Incidence of nonconvulsive seizures in different populations of critically ill children and adults. The confidence intervals were not reported by the studies, but were calculated based on the…
Ischemic Stroke, Hyperperfusion Syndrome, Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis, and Critical Care Seizures
Study Type of study No of patients Type of stroke Total seizures Early seizures Late seizures Epilepsy Louis and McDowell [10] R 1000 Isc 7.7% 3.3% 2.7% 3% early, 81%…
