Introduction The link between Down syndrome (DS), aging, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well established (see Chapter 1). In people with DS, dementia prevalence increases with age. In those who…
Introduction In the general population there are dramatic individual differences in the severity of cerebrovascular disease with increasing age that promote cognitive decline and clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)…
Obstructive sleep apnea in adults with DS Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is among the most frequent sleep problems in individuals with DS and has been found to increase with age…
Keywords Biomarkers; Cerebrovascular; Clinical trials; Genetics; Neuroimaging; Neuropathology; Neuropsychology Two decades ago, if charged with the task of indicating future directions for research into Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer’s disease…
Clinical trials—An overview Clinical trials generally evaluate therapeutics in four phases before a new drug can be approved for use in the clinic. Each of these phases has a different…
Introduction Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, affecting approximately 16 per 10,000 live births in the United States [1–3] (see Chapter 1). DS is…
Introduction As mentioned in Chapter 1, people with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology by 40 years of age (Chapter 2), and in most, dementia develops in their…
Acknowledgments This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants: P01 HD035897, U54 HD079123, U01 AG051412, and R01 AG014673 as well as funds from the New York State Office…
Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome As described in Chapter 1, Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic diseases. Adults with DS carry three copies of…
Epidemiology While the prevalence rates of physical health conditions, and in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in people with Down syndrome (DS) have been extensively researched [1, 2] (also see Chapters…
