Medical Evaluation and Management
4 Medical Evaluation and Management Mary Lee Vance Of the many types of lesions that occur in the sella or parasellar region, a pituitary adenoma is the most common. All lesions…
Functional transcranial ultrasound
Figure 19.1 Qualitative and quantitative effects of white screen and checkerboard stimulation on intracranial flow patterns of the PCA (P2-segment). General experimental procedure. Envelope curve of the Doppler frequency spectra…
Cerebral autoregulation
Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of static autoregulation (Lassen’s) curve. Cerebral blood flow is maintained constant between 50 and 150 mmHg of mean ABP. These are known to be the lower…
Neuro-orbital ultrasound
Figure 25.1 Schematic drawing of the bulbus. (From Tillmann B, Atlas der Anatomie. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2004, 88.) Papilla The papilla (discus nervi optici) is the origin of the ON…
Atherosclerotic carotid disease
Figure 5B.1 B-mode (top) and color power Doppler (below) of plaques with different echogenicity. (A) A hyperechoic with acoustic shadow, irregular surface calcific plaque; (B) isoechoic, smooth surface fibrous plaque;…
Transcranial insonation
Figure 9B.1 (A) Illuminated skull demonstrating transducer position over the temporal bone for axial planes. (B) T2-weighted MRI, coronal image, demonstrating five axial insonation planes (1 = midbrain, 2 =…
Intracranial stenosis/occlusion
(MFV, SPR)Stenosis ≥70%(MFV, SPR)Diffuse disease or near occlusion(MFV, SPR)MCA≥ 100 cm/s, ≥2≥ 120cm/s, ≥3<30cm/s, <1ACA≥ 80 cm/s, ≥2n.a., ≥3<30cm/s, <1PCA≥ 80 cm/s, ≥2n.a., ≥3<30cm/s, <1BA≥ 90 cm/s, ≥2≥ 110 cm/s…
Transcranial insonation
Figure 9C.1 Anatomy of the circle of Willis. A1, ACA: part 1 of anterior cerebral artery; A2, ACA: part 2 of anterior cerebral artery; ACoA: anterior communicating artery; BA: basilar…
Introduction
Figure 9A.1 Cerebral arteries (basal view) and circle of Willis. 1 = Superior cerebellar artery; 2 = basilar artery; 3 = pontine branches; 4 = vertebral artery; 5 = anterior…
Brain parenchyma imaging
Figure 24.1 Bone windows with typical transducer positions applied for TCS. The orientation of transducer is indicated by a blue arrow (arrow head corresponding to left side on ultrasound screen)….
