Fig. 16.1 Frontolateral approach (drawing). The craniotomy is performed through a burr hole at the orbital button of the frontal bone behind the anterior temporal line 16.6.2 Bifrontal Approach The…
Fig. 2.1 Patients (n = 197) for deep-brain stimulation. STN Subthalamic nucleus, VIM ventral intermediate nucleus, GPI globus pallidus internus Table 2.1 Parameter settings for deep-brain stimulation Parameter VIM GPI STN Frequency…
Fig. 35.1 (a, b) Sagittal MRI of a patient with TCS. An associated lipoma in the lumbar spine had been operated on several years ago. While the nerve roots of…
Fig. 7.1 SpineAssist setup. Preoperative CT-based planning of the transpedicular screws (a), intraoperative oblique fluoroscopy for referencing the SpineAssist robot (b), SpineAssist positioned on the bed mount angulating the screw…
Fig. 4.1 Schemes of the dorsal loop of the BG. (a) The BG circuitry in normal brain. (b) The BG with degeneration of DA neurons in the SNc and with…
Fig. 12.1 Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fibre tracking of the facial nerve (FN) using commercially available software for navigational surgical planning. Fibre tracking findings are fused with anatomical images, acquired…
Patients with ONSM Total patients 24 Mean age at diagnosis 44.24 years (14–69 years) Gender ratio (M:F) 3:21 (1:7) Laterality Left 13, right 9, bilateral 2 NF-2 2 patients M:F…
Fig. 2.1 Angiographic anatomy of the right internal carotid artery Fig. 2.2 Angiographic anatomy of the vertebrobasilar system Inside the skull, each internal carotid artery bifurcates to form the anterior cerebral artery…
Fig. 9.1 Very acute phase of intraparenchymal haemorrhage of the posterior limb of the left internal capsule (oxyhaemoglobin) occurring during a hypertensive crisis. The haematoma is hyperdense (a) on CT scan…
Fig. 1.1 MRI FLAIR and T2* sequences 24 h after onset of left middle cerebral artery infarction. Cerebral oedema is hyperintense on the FLAIR sequence (a star). Deep focal haemorrhagic transformation is…
